منابع مشابه
Innate Immunity Plays a Key Role in Leishmania Infection: Implications for Vaccine Design
Neutrophils are part of the first line of immune response and are essential for resistance against a variety of pathogens. They professionally mediate direct killing of pathogens, recruit other phagocytes by specific chemokines, produce cytokines and interact with different immune cells to shape the adaptive response. Leishmania as an obligatory intracellular parasite has evolved to benefit thi...
متن کاملVector Transmission of Leishmania Abrogates Vaccine-Induced Protective Immunity
Numerous experimental vaccines have been developed to protect against the cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis caused by infection with the obligate intracellular protozoan Leishmania, but a human vaccine still does not exist. Remarkably, the efficacy of anti-Leishmania vaccines has never been fully evaluated under experimental conditions following natural vector transmission by infect...
متن کاملVaccine Development Against Leishmania donovani
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum/chagasi represents the second most challenging infectious disease worldwide, leading to nearly 500,000 new cases and 60,000 deaths annually. Zoonotic VL caused by L. infantum is a re-emergent canid zoonoses which represents a complex epidemiological cycle in the New world where domestic dogs serve as a reservoir h...
متن کاملProgress towards a Leishmania vaccine.
Leishmaniasis is a vector-born protozoan disease. Approximately 12 million individuals are affected worldwide with an estimated annual incidence of 1.5-2 million. Two clinical manifestations are recognized, cutaneous, and visceral, both of which are common in the Middle East. In both forms, infection is chronic, with potential deformities, persistence following cure, and lifelong risk of reacti...
متن کاملIncreased transmission potential of Leishmania major/Leishmania infantum hybrids.
Development of Leishmania infantum/Leishmania major hybrids was studied in two sand fly species. In Phlebotomus papatasi, which supported development of L. major but not L. infantum, the hybrids produced heavy late-stage infections with high numbers of metacyclic promastigotes. In the permissive vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, all Leishmania strains included in this study developed well. Hybrids ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Reviews Microbiology
سال: 2009
ISSN: 1740-1526,1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2191